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There are two databases for routing information. The routing database contains the routing information learned by the routing protocols. The forwarding database is composed of the routes actually used to forward traffic through a router. In addition, link state databases are maintained by IGPs, such as IS-IS and OSPF.
Routing protocols calculate the best route to each destination and place these routes in a forwarding table. The routes in the forwarding table are used to forward routing protocol traffic, sending advertisements to neighbors and peers.